In recent years, a rapid sintering method called Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method or pressure assisted Pulsed Electric Current Sintering (PECS) method has attracted attention to fabrication of Nano-phase Materials, Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) and various kinds of advanced new materials. Over the past years, the increased use of the SPS machines in the academies, national & public institutes and industries has been significant. This sintering mechanism and mechanical properties of SPS sintered compact show different characteristics compared to conventional pressure assisted sintering processes owing to the effect of spark plasma, spark impact pressure, joule heating, electro-magnetic field with electro migration, surface current and rapid heating. The SPS process is a synthesis and processing technique which makes possible sintering and sinter-bonding at a lower temperature in a shorter sintering time and of finer grain size than conventional methods by charging the intervals between powder particles with high density of electrical energy and effectively applying a high temperature spark plasma momentarily and/or joule heating generated by ON-OFF DC pulse energizing. It is regarded as a rapid sintering method, using self-heating action from inside the powder, similar to self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and micromilliwave sintering. SPS systems offer many advantages over conventional systems using hot press (HP) sintering, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or atmospheric furnaces, including ease of operation and accurate control of sintering energy as well as high sintering speed, high reproducibility, safety and reliability. The SPS process is expected to find increased use in the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs), intermetallic compounds, fiber reinforced ceramics (FRC), metal matrix composites (MMC) and nanocrystalline materials, which are difficult to sinter by conventional sintering method. For example nanostructured approx. 30nm size of β-Sic can be sintered to a relative density of 98% by sintering at 1700°C without use of additives.