In fuel cells the majority of catalysts are made primarily of platinum (Pt). Due to the rarity of this metal, scientists are experimenting with doping Pt with many metals and complexes of cobalt and nitrogen to help reduce amount of catalyst and the cost of producing a purely platinum catalyst. Decreasing the amount of precious metal in the electrode catalysts or using an alternate catalyst such as their perovskites is a major challenge in the development of fuel cells. Conventional catalysts deteriorate via grain growth, but Pt-perovskite materials reside within a perovskite structure making them more stable, increasing lifetime and making use of less Pt metal compared to conventional means. The use of perovskite nanomaterials has also been responsible for over 3.5 million vehicles achieving the Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV) standard and for the photocatalytic particles for photo induced hydrophilic induction applications which include hydrophilic automobile mirrors and self cleaning tiles.