Having control on size, composition etc., while synthesizing at nanoscale building blocks level and further assembling into larger structures with desired properties will revolutionize and facilitate materials manufacturing with the following features. Manufacturing of metals, ceramics, polymers, etc. at exact shapes without machining is possible and lighter, stronger and programmable materials with lower failure rates and reduced life-cycle costs can be manufactured. The synthesis of bio-inspired materials, multifunctional, adaptive materials and self-healing materials can be done. However challenges ahead are in the synthesis of large scale processing, in making useful, viable composites, in making multiscale models with predictive capability and in the proper instrumentation.