There are many promising agricultural applications of nanotechnologies. Nanosensors offer the promise of real-time pathogen detection/location reporting using nanotechnologies in micro electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Increased biological efficiency could result in diminished amounts of pesticides being applied. Similarly, nanodevices used for “smart” treatment delivery systems hold promise. Smart field systems detect, locate, and report/apply, as needed, pesticide and fertilizers prior to the onset of symptoms. Nanopesticide delivery systems, including nanocapsules, nanocontainers, and nanocages, could replace conventional emulsifiable concentrates, thus reducing organic solvent content in agricultural formulations, and enhancing dispersity, wettability, and the penetration strength of the droplets. Leading chemical companies are now formulating pesticides at nano scale. For example traditional emulsifiable concentrates (oil) is now replaced by using oil-in-water microemulsions as a nano-pesticide delivery system in order to reduce the use of organic solvent and increase the dispersity, wettability and penetration properties of the droplets, improves biological efficacy and reducies the dosage of pesticides. Aluminosilicate nanotubes sprayed on plant surfaces are easily picked-up in insect hairs and insects actively groom and consume pesticide-filled nanotubes with active ingredients. Nanoemulsion pesticides are biologically more active and environmentally-safe. Enhanced use of smart systems could also diminish run off and avert unwanted movement of pesticides. Smart coatings and delivery systems, inert coatings that open to deliver the acgive ingredient when in contact with the pest, active ingredients that are inert if discharged to water or inhaled by humans are only a few of the innovations that nanotechnologies offer in the agriculture areas.