Nanoparticles of a wide range of materials, including a variety of organic and biological compounds, and also inorganic oxides, metals, and semiconductors can be processed using chemical self-assembly techniques. These techniques use selective attachment of molecules to specific surfaces, biomolecular recognition and self-ordering principles. Oneexample is the preferential docking of DNA strands with complementary base pairs as well as well-developed chemistry for attaching molecules onto clusters and substrates such as thiol (-SH) end groups. The other techniques are reverse micelle, sonochemical and photochemical synthesis to realise 1-D, 2-D and 3-D self-assembled nanostructures.