Nanotechnology has been used to improve fuel cells and batteries in the area of improved energy capacity, storage density, cheaper bipolar materials using nanocomposites, more efficient electrocatalysts, thermally stable and durable membranes and product shelf life. In the production of efficient fuel cell, the development of catalyst that drives the hydrogen-oxygen energetic reaction is important. For example in the widespread adoption of PEMFC, the primary chemical catalysts are expensive and can degrade over time. Alternative catalysts can be constructed at the nanoscale to make catalysts cheaper and more resistant to break-down. In the PEMFCs research a number of atomic structures are considered including chromium nitride, gold, cubic zirconia, CNTs and numerous platinum alloys. Nanotechnology offers exciting advances in hydrogen energy production, storage and distribution. In hydrogen production, splitting water with light can help in the reduction of use of fossil fuels and other hydrocarbons. There is currently no viable technology to store large volumes of hydrogen fuel because it is either too bulky or expensive. This is a severe limitation to the programme on implementing hydrogen as an alternative energy source. Nowadays nanoblades and fullerenes have been developed that are extremely thin, uniform and have high surface areas to store large volumes of hydrogen. The efficiency of hydrogen transport could be further enhanced by the use of carbon nanotube wiring in place of traditional pipelines to have increased strength, conductivity and stability at high temperatures.