Nanotechnology can be used to extend shelf life of food. A nanocomposite coating process could improve food packaging by placing anti-microbial agents directly on the surface of the coated film. Nanocomposites could increase or decrease gas permeability of different fillers as is needed for different products. The material works by introducing nanocrystals into the plastic that essentially create a maze from which oxygen molecules find it difficult to escape. They can also improve the mechanical and heat-resistance properties and lower the oxygen transmission rate. “smart” safety packaging can be used to wrap food that can detect spoilage or harmful contaminants and release nano-anti-microbes to extend food shelf life. Products will be developed in future to enhance and adjust the food color, flavor, or nutrient content to accommodate each consumer’s taste or health needs. ‘smart’ packaging could also release a dose of additional nutrients to those which it identifies as having special dietary needs, for example calcium molecules to people suffering from osteoporosis. Nano wrapper have been developed to envelope foods, preventing gas and moisture exchange. Nanocomposites also offer other benefits like lighter weight and better recyclability, and suggest that producers may be able to significantly reduce transportation and production costs by reducing the amount of material used to package items. Materials that change properties depending on external or internal conditions have also been reported. For example, researchers hope to use the changing molecular composition of milk that is beginning to spoil to bring about a reaction with nanoparticles embedded in the packaging, causing the colour of the packaging to change. With enhanced properties material scarton that would tighten its existing molecular structure can be developed to prevent heat from affecting the content. Nanomaterials are used in packaging, like beer bottles, as a barrier, allowing for thinner material, with a subsequently lighter weight, and greater shelf-life. Nanoclays help to hold the pressure and carbonation inside the bottle, increasing shelf life. Nanoclays and nanocomposites can be used for a variety of uses, including flame retardants, barrier film (as in juice containers), and bottle barrier.