Various methods are: (i) by chelation which is by the capture and borohydride reduction of metal ions using polymer films containing polyfunctional ligands and (ii) by mixed matrix cellulose acetate. In this method membrane is prepared by the incorporation of metallic salts in membrane casting solutions for dense film preparation and the formation of particles within the membrane occurs after film formation. Also nanoparticle synthesis is done externally followed by membrane casting (iii) by thermolysis and sonication which is done by the controlled growth of metal particles in polymeric matrices by decomposition of metal carbonyl compounds and (iv) in the di-Block Copolymers the use of block copolymers containing metal-interacting hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments provide a novel approach for in-situ creation of nanostructured metals (4-5 nm) in the lamellar space of self-assembled thin films. Olivia A. Graeve, University of Nevada reports on the synthesis and sintering of zirconia ceramics using reverse micelle synthesis and spark plasma sintering. The grain size of the resulting fully-dense specimens was found to dependent on the particle size of the starting powders.