A transition is being made from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy. Evidence of this exists in the form of climate change, loss of crop land, extinction of species, deterioration of water resources and pollution of land, sea and air. Clearly, ecosystem resources need to be managed in ways that are sustainable for both human populations and natural ecosystems. Advances in nanotechnology, based sound systems analysis, are currently being addressed to enable many of these problems to be solved. The most advanced nanotechnology applications related to energy are: storage, conversion, energy saving by better thermal insulation for example, manufacturing improvements and reducing materials process rates and developing enhanced renewable energy sources. Nanotechnologies enables advanced fuel cell architectures that yield improved performance, lower cost and enhanced durability through the incorporation of novel nano materials and structures; materials and systems for hydrogen production, generation and storage systems; biofuels and biofuel cells; next generation solar photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical systems. To cite a case-coal can be liquefied and turned into gas by a process which uses a gel-based nanoscale catalyst, with improved efficiency and reduced the cost.